Rifampin (Rifampicin . R)

Rifampin is a semisynthetic derivative of the rifamycin B drug obtained from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has good sterilizing and resistance preventing actions.

Indication.

• It is a bactericidal to M. tuberculosis and other gram-positive, and gram-negative bacteria like;
• Staph. Aureus
• E. coli
• N. meningitidis
• H.influenzae
• Proteus
• Pseudomonas,
• Legionella.

Drug interactions.

• Rifampin is a microsomal enzyme inducer.
• It enhances its metabolism and other drugs such as; steroids, theophylline, fluconazole, oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, warfarin, sulfonylureas, and HIV protease inhibitors.
• Contraceptive failures have occurred.

Adverse effects.

• Hepatitis in patients with preexisting liver disease is dose-related.
• The development of jaundice necessitates the discontinuation of the drug.
• Cutaneous syndrome: characterized by flushing, watering of the eyes, pruritus, and rash on the face and scalp.

• Flu-like syndrome: chills, fever, headache, weakness, and bone pain.

• Urine and secretions may become orange-red—in color.

• Purpura, shock, and renal failure.

Other uses of rifampin;

• Leprosy
• Prevention of Meningococcal and H.influenzae meningitis and the carrier state.
• Brucellosis when combined with doxycycline.

Dosages.

• RCIN 150, 300, 450, 600 mg capsules, 100 mg/5 ml suspension.
• RIMACTANE, RIMINI 150, 300, 450 mg capsules, 100 mg/5 ml syrup.
• RIFAMYCIN 450 mg capsules, ZUCOX 300, 450, 600 mg tablet to be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.